Effectiveness of Drumstick Leaves Soup on Haemoglobin Level Among the Adolescent Girls in Selected Pu Colleges in Bangalore
C. Shanmugapriya, Laishram Dabashini Devi, Keerthana Suresh
Global College of Nursing, Bangalore.
*Corresponding Author Email: roshini999.bk@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
In Asia India contributed 80% of the antenatal and postnatal mothers died due to an anemia.3 According to the reports of NFHS-3 and the National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau Survey (NNMBS) over 55% of adolescent girls were having anemia that is alarmingly high. The goal of present study is to assess the effectiveness of drumstick leaves soup on hemoglobin levels among the adolescent girls in selected PU college at Bangalore, Karnataka.The true experimental design was adopted for the study. Adolescent girls with frank anemia and border line anemia who are studying in Gangothri PU college of students has taken as the experimental group and as the control group. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used to select the 60 adolescent girls with frank anemia and border line anemia (30 in experimental group and 30 in control group. Regarding effectiveness of drumstick leaves soup, the overall mean score of experimental groups in the pre-test was 11.90 and 14.06 in the post test with enhancement of 2.16 and it was significant at P<0.001% level and the overall mean score of control group in the pre-test was 11.73 and 11.55 in the post with mild enhancement of 0.18 and it was significant at P<0.001% level. Analysis of socio-demographic variables showed that there is no significant association at 5% level (P>0.05) both in experimental group and control group. The findings of this study support the need for nurses to conduct more experiment to increase the hemoglobin level of adolescent girls in selected college at Bangalore district. And had a remarkable increase in hemoglobin level of adolescent girls when compared to their pre-test, prior to the administration of the drumstick leaves soup. And this study shows that the hemoglobin levels of the adolescent girls have been improved in experimental group then the control group after administering the drumstick leaves soup hence the drumstick leaves soup is effective on increasing hemoglobin levels. Thus, the student researcher recommends further studies in these areas to improve the hemoglobin level of adolescent girls.
KEYWORDS: Drumstick Leaves Soup, Haemoglobin Level, Adolescent Girls.
INTRODUCTION:
Adolescence is a journey from the world of the child to the world of the adult. It is a time of physical and emotional change as the body matures.1 Adolescence is a critical transitional period that includes the biological changes of puberty and the need to negotiate key developmental task and it requires special attention and protection.
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines adolescents as young people aged 10-19 years (SEARO Adolescent health and development 2021)2. Health of today’s youth is hope for tomorrow’s world, adolescent nutrition is therefore important for supporting the physical growth of the body and for preventing future health problems.3 During this time, physical changes affect the body’s nutritional needs, while changes in one’s lifestyle may affect eating habits and food choices. Any nutritional deficiency experienced during this critical period of life can have an effect on the future health of the individual and their offspring. (Nutrition in adolescent girls, My Virtual Medical Centre)4
A study to assess the effectiveness of drumstick leaves soup on hemoglobin level among the adolescent girls in selected PU college at Bangalore.
OBJECTIVES:
1. To assess the pretest score of hemoglobin level among adolescent girls in both experimental and control group.
2. To assess the post test score of hemoglobin level among adolescent girls in both experimental and control group.
3. To compare the pre and post-test scores of hemoglobin level among adolescent girls in both experimental and control group.
4. To evaluate the effectiveness of drumstick leaves soup in experimental group.
5. To find out an association between the pre-test score of hemoglobin level among adolescent girls in both experimental and control group with their socio demographic variables.
· The assumptions of the study were: -
· Hemoglobin level may vary with the adolescent girls in both experimental and control group with their selected demographic variables.
· Drumstick may improve the hemoglobin level among adolescent girls.
HYPOTHESIS:
H1 -There will be a significant difference in hemoglobin level before and after taking drumstick leaves soup among adolescent girls in both experimental and control group.
H2- There is a significant difference between the mean posttest on hemoglobin level among adolescent girls in between the experimental and control group.
H3- There will be a significant association between the pre-test level of hemoglobin among adolescent girls with their selected demographic variables in both experimental and control group.
Data collected from the adolescent girls those who are in the age group between 18 -19 years in selected PU colleges of Bangalore, Karnataka. (i.e. there demographic variables and the hemoglobin level by tallquist scale.The Tallquist scale allows a quick assessment of adolescent girl’s hemoglobin level, it has a scale with different colors each color have a value of hemoglobin. The adolescent girl’s finger is pricked with lancet needle and drop of blood is absorbed into test paper and the color is compared to determine the percent of hemoglobin. A true experiment is a type of experiment design and is used to establish cause and effect relationships.
There are three criteria that must be met in order for an experiment to determine as a true experiment at least one experimental and control group. Researcher manipulated variable. Random assignment. A pretest posttest control group design is an experimental where measurements are taken both before and after a treatment. The design means that you bare able to see the effects of some type of treatment on a group. Pretest posttest design may be quasi experimental, which means that participants are not assigned randomly. The sample size of the study constitutes 60 adolescent girls.Sampling is the process of selecting a portion of the population to represent the entire population. on Non probability purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample of adolescent girls.
Table–1.1: Classification of study participants by socio- demographic variables. n=60
|
Sl. NO |
Demographic variables |
Experimental Group |
Control Group |
||
|
Frequency |
Percentage |
Frequency |
Percentage |
||
|
1 |
Age in years a.18 Years b.19 Years |
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
13.3 |
3 |
10 |
||
|
26 |
86.6 |
27 |
90 |
||
|
2 |
Type of family a. Joint Family b. Nuclear Family c. Extended Family |
|
|||
|
5 |
16.6 |
7 |
23.3 |
||
|
21 |
70 |
15 |
50 |
||
|
4 |
13.3 |
8 |
26.6 |
||
|
3 |
Monthly income a. Less than 5000 b. 5001 to 10000 c.10001 to 15000 d. Above 15000 |
|
|||
|
2 |
6.6 |
2 |
6.6 |
||
|
7 |
23.3 |
9 |
30 |
||
|
8 |
26.6 |
10 |
33.3 |
||
|
13 |
43.3 |
9 |
30 |
||
|
4 |
Medication Consuming a. Yes b. No |
|
|||
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
||
|
30 |
100 |
30 |
100 |
||
|
5 |
Previous Knowledge a. Yes b. No |
|
|||
|
13 |
43.3 |
11 |
36.6 |
||
|
17 |
56.6 |
19 |
63.3 |
||
|
6 |
Source of Information a. Health Professionals b. Internet c. Books and magazines d. No Information |
|
|||
|
3 |
10 |
4 |
13.3 |
||
|
6 |
20 |
3 |
10 |
||
|
4 |
13.3 |
4 |
13.3 |
||
|
17 |
56.6 |
19 |
63.3 |
||
The table 1 shows that with regard to age of the sample, in experimental group, 26(86.66%) belong to age group of 19 years, 4(13.33%) belong to age group of 18 years. In control group 27(90%) belong to age group of 19 years, 3(10%) belong to age group of 18 years. With regard to type of family, in experimental group, 21(70%) belongs to nuclear family, 5(316.66%) belongs to joint family and 4(13.33%) belongs to extended family and in control group, 15(50%) belongs to nuclear family, 8(26.66%) belongs to extended family and 7(23.33%) belongs to joint family. With regard to monthly income, in experimental group, 13(43.33%) having income of above 15,000, 8(26.66%) having income of 10,001 to 15,000, 7(23.33%) having income of5001 to 10000, 2(6.66%) having income of Less than 5000 and in control group 10(33.33%)having income of 10,001 to 15,000, 9(30%) having income of above 15000, 9(30%) havingincome of 5001 to 10000, 2(6.66%) having income of Less than 5000.In context with the consumption of medication both in experimental group, 30(100%) and in control group, 30(100%) were not consuming any medication.Pertaining to the previous knowledge, in experimental group 17(56.66%) samples had no knowledge about drumstick leaves soup, 13(43.33%) samples had knowledge about drumstick leaves soup. in control group 19(63.33%) samples had no knowledge about drumstick leaves soup, 11(36.66%) samples had knowledge about drumstick leaves soup.In the aspect to source of information, in experimental group, 17(56.66%) had no information, 6(20%) had information through internet, 4(13.33%) had information through books and magazines, 3(10%) had information through health professionals. In control group, 19(63.33%) had no information, 4(13.33%) had information through books and magazines, 4(13.33%) had information through health professionals and 3(10%) had information through internet.
The above table 2 shows the distribution of hemoglobin level among adolescent girls before the administering the drumstick leaves soup. It revealed that in pretest, in experimental group, majority of the subjects, 18 (60%) had normal level of hemoglobin, 12 (40%) subjects had Decreased level of hemoglobin and in control group majority of the subjects, 17 (56%) had normal level of hemoglobin, 13 (44%) subjects had Decreased level of hemoglobin.
The table 3 shows the distribution of hemoglobin level among adolescent girls after the administering of drumstick leaves soup. It revealed that in post-test, in experimental group, majority of the subjects, 30 (100%) had normal level of hemoglobin, 0 (0%) subjects had Decreased level of hemoglobin and in control group majority of the subjects, 16 (54%) had Decreased level of hemoglobin, 14 (46%) subjects had normal level of hemoglobin.
TABLE-2: Frequency and percentage distribution of adolescent girls according to the pre- test level of hemoglobin in both experimental and control group. n=60
|
Sl. no |
Pretest Hemoglobin |
Experimental group |
Control group |
||
|
Frequency |
Percentage |
Frequency |
Percentage |
||
|
1 |
Normal (12-14 mg/dl) |
18 |
60 |
17 |
56 |
|
2 |
Decreased level (less than 12 mg/dl) |
12 |
40 |
13 |
44 |
|
|
Overall |
30 |
100 |
30 |
100 |
Table-3 : Frequency and percentage distribution of adolescent girls according to the post- test level of hemoglobin in both experimental and control group. n=60
|
Sl. no |
Post-test Hemoglobin |
Experimental group |
Control group |
||
|
Frequency |
Percentage |
Frequency |
Percentage |
||
|
1 |
Normal (12-14 mg/dl) |
30 |
100 |
14 |
46 |
|
2 |
Decreased level (less than 12 mg/dl) |
0 |
0 |
16 |
54 |
|
|
Overall |
30 |
100 |
30 |
100 |
Table-4: Comparison of pre and post-test scores of hemoglobin level among adolescent girls in both experimental and control group
|
Sl. no |
Hemoglobin levels |
Experimental group |
Control group |
||||||
|
Pretest |
Post-test |
Pretest |
Post-test |
||||||
|
F |
% |
F |
% |
F |
% |
F |
% |
||
|
1 |
Normal (12-14 mg/dl) |
18 |
60 |
30 |
100 |
17 |
56 |
14 |
46 |
|
2 |
Decreased level (less than 12 mg/dl) |
12 |
40 |
0 |
0 |
13 |
44 |
16 |
54 |
|
|
Overall |
30 |
100 |
30 |
100 |
30 |
100 |
30 |
100 |
The above table-4 shows the distribution of hemoglobin level among adolescent girls before and after administering the drumstick leaves soup in experimental and control group. It revealed that in pretest, in pre-test experimental group, majority of the subjects, 18 (60%) had normal level of hemoglobin , 12 (40%) subjects had Decreased level of hemoglobin and in posttest experimental group , majority of the subjects, 30 (100%) had normal level of hemoglobin, 0 (0%) subjects had Decreased level of hemoglobin and in pretest control group majority of the subjects, 17 (56%) had normal level of hemoglobin, 13 (44%) subjects had Decreased level of hemoglobin and in posttest control group, majority of the subjects, 16 (56%) had Decreased level of hemoglobin, 14 (46%) subjects had normal level of hemoglobin.
The table-5 shows mean score level of hemoglobin in the experimental and control group. There was a improvement in the mean score of the pretest from 11.90 (1.42) post -test to 14.06 (1.06) in the experimental group and pretest from 11.73 (1.56) post-test to 11.55 (1.32) in the control group. There was a significant difference at p<0.000 level in the experimental group and there were no significant differences in the control group at p>0.005 level.Adolescent girls in the experimental group had improvement level. The comparison between the groups indicated that the experimental group Adolescent girls had a higher improvement in the hemoglobin than the patients in the control group respectively. It indicates that the interventions effective in improving the hemoglobin levels.
The Table-6 shows the mean score of hemoglobin levels in the experimental and control group. Mean pretest scores in the experimental group and control group were 11.90 (1.42) and 11.73 (1.56) respectively. No differences existed between the groups in the pretest.Mean post-test- scores in the experimental and control group were 14.06 (1.42), and 11.55 (1.32) respectively. There was a significant difference of p < 0.001 between the experimental group and control group in the post-test.The comparison between the groups indicated that the experimental group (adolescent girls) patients had higher improvement in the hemoglobin levels than the (adolescent girls) patients in the control group, with t value of 65.25 with statistical significance at p<0.000.
Table- 5 : Comparison of hemoglobin level within the experimental group and control group. (N=60)
|
Group |
Duration of the study |
Hemoglobin level |
Mean Difference |
Paired t test value |
p value |
|
|
Mean |
SD |
|||||
|
Experimental group |
Pretest |
11.90 |
1.42 |
2.16 |
17.12 |
.000 *** |
|
Post-test |
14.06 |
1.06 |
||||
|
Control group |
Pretest |
11.73 |
1.56 |
0.18 |
1.072 |
.954 NS |
|
Post –test |
11.55 |
1.32 |
||||
|
Duration of the study |
Study group (n=90) |
Control group (n=86) |
Independent t value |
p value |
||
|
Mean |
SD |
Mean |
SD |
|||
|
Pretest |
11.90 |
1.42 |
11.73 |
1.56 |
4.25 |
0.62 NS |
|
Post-test |
14.06 |
1.42 |
11.55 |
1.32 |
65.25 |
0.000 *** |
Table -7: Association between the pre-test score of hemoglobin level among adolescent girls in experimental group with their socio demographic variables. n-60
|
S.no |
Demographic variables |
|
|
≤Median (Median 12.2) |
>Median |
Chi-square & p value |
||
|
|
F |
% |
F |
% |
F |
% |
||
|
1. |
Age in years |
1.00 Df=1 p>0.05 NS |
||||||
|
|
a.18 Years |
4 |
13.33 |
2 |
13.3 |
2 |
13.3 |
|
|
b.19 Years |
26 |
86.66 |
13 |
86.6 |
13 |
86.6 |
||
|
2 |
Type of family |
1.628 Df=2 p>0.05 NS |
||||||
|
|
a. Joint family |
5 |
16.66 |
3 |
20 |
2 |
13.3 |
|
|
b. Nuclear family |
21 |
70 |
9 |
60 |
12 |
80 |
||
|
c. Extended family |
4 |
13.33 |
3 |
20 |
1 |
6.6 |
||
|
3 |
Monthly income |
2.7139 Df=3 p>0.05 NS |
||||||
|
|
a. Less than 5000 |
2 |
6.66 |
2 |
13.3 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
b. 5001 to 10000 |
7 |
23.33 |
3 |
20 |
4 |
26.6 |
||
|
c.10001 to 15000 |
8 |
26.66 |
2 |
13.3 |
6 |
40 |
||
|
d. Above 15000 |
13 |
43.33 |
8 |
53.3 |
5 |
33.3 |
||
|
4 |
Medication consuming |
Invalid |
||||||
|
|
a. Yes |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
b. No |
30 |
100 |
15 |
100 |
15 |
100 |
||
|
5 |
Previous knowledge |
0.1357 Df=1 p>0.05 |
||||||
|
a. Yes |
13 |
43.33 |
6 |
40 |
6 |
40 |
||
|
b. No |
17 |
56.66 |
9 |
60 |
9 |
60 |
NS |
|
|
6 |
Source of Information |
0.3922 Df=3 p>0.05 NS |
||||||
|
|
a. Health Professionals |
3 |
10 |
1 |
6.6 |
1 |
6.6 |
|
|
b. Internet |
6 |
20 |
3 |
20 |
3 |
20 |
||
|
c. Books and magazines |
4 |
13.33 |
2 |
13.3 |
2 |
13.3 |
||
|
d. No Information |
17 |
56.66 |
9 |
60 |
9 |
60 |
||
Note: S- significant at 5% level (p<0.05); NS- Not significant at 5% level (p>0.05).
|
S.no |
Demographic variables |
|
|
≤Median ( Median 12.2) |
>Median |
Chi-square & p value |
||
|
F |
% |
F |
% |
F |
% |
|
||
|
1. |
Age in years |
0.0617 Df=1 p>0.05 NS |
||||||
|
|
a.18 Years |
3 |
10 |
2 |
11.1 |
1 |
8.3 |
|
|
b.19 Years |
27 |
90 |
16 |
88.8 |
11 |
91.6 |
||
|
2 |
Type of family |
1.628 Df=2 p>0.05 NS |
||||||
|
|
a. Joint family |
7 |
23.33 |
4 |
22.2 |
3 |
25 |
|
|
b. nuclear family |
15 |
50 |
9 |
50 |
6 |
50 |
||
|
c. Extended family |
8 |
26.66 |
5 |
27.7 |
3 |
25 |
||
|
3 |
Monthly income |
1.5741 Df=3 p>0.05 NS |
||||||
|
|
a. Less than 5000 |
2 |
6.66 |
1 |
5.5 |
1 |
8.3 |
|
|
b. 5001 to 10000 |
7 |
23.33 |
6 |
33.3 |
3 |
25 |
||
|
c.10001 to 15000 |
8 |
26.66 |
7 |
38.8 |
3 |
25 |
||
|
d. Above 15000 |
13 |
43.33 |
4 |
22.2 |
5 |
41.6 |
||
|
4 |
Medication consuming |
Invalid |
||||||
|
|
a. Yes |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
b. No |
30 |
100 |
18 |
100 |
12 |
100 |
||
|
5 |
Previous knowledge |
0.1357 Df=1 p>0.05 NS |
||||||
|
|
a. Yes |
11 |
36.66 |
6 |
33.3 |
5 |
41.6 |
|
|
b. No |
19 |
63.33 |
12 |
66.6 |
7 |
58.3 |
||
|
6 |
Source of Information |
1.674 Df=3 p>0.05 NS |
||||||
|
|
a. Health Professionals |
4 |
13.33 |
3 |
16.6 |
1 |
8.3 |
|
|
b. Internet |
3 |
10 |
1 |
5.5 |
2 |
16.6 |
||
|
c. Books and magazines |
4 |
13.33 |
3 |
16.6 |
1 |
8.3 |
||
|
|
d. No Information |
19 |
63.33 |
11 |
61.1 |
8 |
66.6 |
|
Note: S- significant at 5% level (p<0.05); NS- Not significant at 5% level (p>0.05).
The chi-square was carried out to determine the association between the hemoglobin level with their selected demographic variables among adolescent girls such as age in years, type of family, monthly income, medication consuming, previous knowledge and source of information. Out of which none of the demographic variables are significantly associated with hemoglobin level in experimental group at 5% level (P<0.05). From the analysis it is concluded that there is no close relationship between the demographic variables of the respondents and level of hemoglobin in pretest of experimental group of the respondent. Thus, null hypothesis was accepted and research hypothesis was rejected.
CONCLUSION:
The present study assessed the effectiveness of drumstick leaves soup on hemoglobin level among adolescent girls at selected Gangothri PU degree college, Bangalore, Karnataka. The findings of the study revealed that was a marked increase in hemoglobin level after the administration of drumstick leaves soup in experimental group which represents the effectiveness of drumstick leaves soup. The calculation was found to be 17.12 which were highly significant at 0.05 levels. On the basis of the findings, the researcher concluded that the drumstick leaves soup was very effective.
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2. Hephzibah Dorothy J. Effectiveness of nutritional intervention package on knowledge and level of anemia among adolescent girls at selected settings West Bengal. Doctoral dissertation, Omayal Achi College of Nursing, Chennai.
3. De LM, Pena-Rosas RJP, Cusick S, et al. Hemoglobin Concentrations for the Diagnosis of Anemia and Assessment of Severity; Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System. Vol. 11. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011. p. 1.
4. Benoist BD, McLean E, Egli I, et al. Worldwide Prevalence of Anemia 1993–2005. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008. LO
Received on 27.05.2024 Modified on 05.07.2024
Accepted on 12.08.2024 ©A&V Publications All right reserved
Asian J. Nursing Education and Research. 2024;14(3):225-230.
DOI: 10.52711/2349-2996.2024.00045